Animal Chiropractic Module 4 – Extremities Practice Exam

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• The hoof should be trimmed and/or shoed every how many weeks?
• Which of the following are contraindications to limb adjustment?
• In peripheral nerve injuries, which nerve is most frequently associated with brachial plexus injury?
• How would you manage a limb with mild crepitus but normal ROM?
• How do you evaluate a limb's range of motion during a clinical exam?
• In the forelimb, which joints are typically targeted during chiropractic adjustments?
• What is the V-shaped pad of soft horn between the bars on the sole of the equine hoof called?
• Which description accurately reflects the stifle joint's extension in the horse?
• Which hoof abnormality is most commonly associated with environmental infections and presents with a foul odor around the frog?
• During a declaw procedure, which bone is removed?
• The accessory carpal bone forms carpal tunnel. Which choice best expresses this?
• Are supination and pronation possible in equine species?
• The coffin bone is another name for which anatomical structure?
• The hock is comprised of how many joints?
• In Bit Basics, what term describes a rope halter used to break horses into wearing a bridle?
• Canines have a stay apparatus.
• Identify the joints that comprise the canine elbow complex.
• True or False: In dogs, the clavicle attaches the forelimb to the trunk.
• Which tests assess limb joint laxity?
• Which imaging modalities commonly aid extremity evaluation?
• In young dogs, fissure formation between thickened cartilage and subchondral bone with the shoulder most often affected describes which condition?
• Which muscles function as the collateral ligaments of the shoulder girdle in a horse?
• Which hoof structure is non-sensitive?
• What term describes the interacting muscles, tendons, and ligaments that stabilize the limb joints in the standing position?
• Grade 1 club foot is defined as what degree range?
• The stay apparatus permits standing with a minimum of _____________.
• Which radiographic signs indicate bone remodeling due to chronic stress?
• An injury that can be caused as the nerve crosses the cranial border of the scapula and leads to atrophy of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus is which nerve?
• Osteochondrosis dissecans most commonly involves which joints?
• The hoof should be cleaned/picked out how often?
• Name two common postural compensations seen with hindlimb lameness.
• Are the fibula and tibia fused in the horse?
• What should you monitor regarding respiration during limb adjustments in mammals?
• The heel should be brought back to which area of the frog?
• The coffin joint's primary motion is flexion/extension with a lot of rotation. Which statement fits this description?
• What are the two main categories for bits?
• Tearing the insertion of semitendinosus with inflammatory processes or neuropathy is most closely described by which pathology?
• How do acute injuries differ from chronic degenerative changes in presentation?
• Lameness grading ranges from which two values?
• The stay apparatus is a passive ______ system.
• Traditionally, how many bit sizes are there?
• Which description applies to grade 4 club feet?
• Which nerve injury feature corresponds to a leg that bears no weight and knuckles onto the dorsal hoof wall?
• Which hind limb pathology is most closely associated with hind limb spasms and tail raising, distinct from stringhalt?
• Which muscle forms the sling that suspends the thorax between the forelimbs in a horse?
• Ossification of collateral cartilages of the third phalanx is known as which condition?
• What is a proprioceptive placing test?
• Which orthopedic condition is described as a nonpainful lesion that may heal through restoration of ossification?
• Which condition is associated with outward rotation of the forefeet on standing?
• The stay apparatus is estimated to save up to ___% of energy.
• Which pathology is described by hind limb myoclonic spasms with overflexion and tail raising, and is associated with neuropathy or myopathy?
• Which result would most likely indicate improved neuromuscular control after a limb adjustment?
• Subluxation Basics describe a deviation from normal biomechanical joint action. What term is used for this concept?
• The statement 'longer shank equals more aggressive' is consistent with which option?
• Which structure holds the hoof to the underlying corium?
• Where are most hind limb lamenesses located in horses?
• Osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD) is characterized by which feature?
• Which information is NOT typically documented after an extremity adjustment?
• Which bone forms the proximal articulation of the canine hindlimb with the spine?
• Which bone forms the proximal attachment for the hindlimb with the pelvis?
• Name the two primary carpal joints evaluated in the forelimb.
• The typical mechanism for cruciate ligament rupture in dogs is a sudden rotation of the stifle with the joint in what degree of flexion?
• How would you reassess progress after an extremity adjustment?
• Cavassans are commonly used on which horses, and what is a potential airway effect?
• Nodding occurs on the down with which limb lameness?
• In dogs, the cranial cruciate ligament corresponds to the human ACL, and the caudal cruciate corresponds to the human PCL. Which option states this pairing?
• Describe a basic carpal distraction mobilization technique.
• Which tendon is primarily involved with suspending the fetlock when paired with the superior check ligament?
• Which forelimb nerve injury commonly causes a dropped elbow?
• Which joints are commonly adjusted in veterinary extremity chiropractic for the forelimb and hindlimb?
• Which finding would prompt immediate re-evaluation or diagnostic imaging for fracture suspicion during limb assessment?
• Which statement best describes the overall function of the stay apparatus?
• Laminae become inflamed, degenerate, and fail to suspend P3 within the hoof; P3 can rotate away and sink; most commonly observed in both front feet. Which condition is described?
• Which condition presents with exaggerated upward flexion of the hind leg at every walk stride and spasmodic over flexion of the hind limbs?
• The varnishlike coating that holds moisture in the hoof and protects the hoof wall is called the periople.
• What is the difference between a joint mobilization and a thrust adjustment?
• Which hoof abnormality is caused by flexor contraction?
• What is a consideration when performing limb adjustments on a sedated animal?
• Which phrase describes a common description of bits mentioned as a pair?
• What are safe handling practices for restraining a patient during limb work?
• Which condition involves separation of the hoof wall from the laminar attachments at the white line, creating a cavity that harbors infection?
• Osteochondrosis dissecans most commonly involves which joints?
• During limb adjustments on sedated animals, what safety monitoring is essential?
• What is the function of the accessory carpal bone of the equine species?
• Which statement about cavassans is true?
• Which structure is essential for the carpal tunnel to exist in the equine carpus?
• Which condition describes an error in the way cartilage is converted to bone during growth, with cartilage cells that proliferate but do not mature?
• What is the name of the strap placed between the girth and nosepiece to steady the horse's head?
• The junction between the skin and the horn of the hoof is called the coronary band (coronet).
• Which of the following is listed as an external cause of laminitis?
• In torn cartilage, which description best fits swelling?
• Which condition is most commonly seen in toy and miniature breeds?
• In dogs, the cranial cruciate ligament corresponds to the human ACL, and the caudal cruciate corresponds to the human PCL.
• Which common hoof abnormality is a bacterial/fungal infection usually caused by environmental conditions and presents with stinky black exudate around the frog?
• Which condition is described by myoclonic hind limb spasms and tail raising, characteristic of spasmodic hind limb activity?
• Which structure runs from behind the carpal bones and around the fetlock joint, forming two branches to either side of the pastern, and flexes the fetlock and pastern while stabilizing the carpus?
• Outline the typical sequence of steps for a comprehensive extremity examination.
• Why should you limit force when adjusting distal joints like the fetlock or hock?
• In lameness grading, which grade corresponds to nonweight bearing lameness at the walk or at rest?
• How can limb adjustments influence athletic performance?
• True or False: Supination and pronation are possible in equine species?
• What is the clinical importance of limb symmetry?
• How would you describe limb kinematic coupling in veterinary extremity chiropractic?
• Popped splints classically present with which finding?
• Where are most front limb lamenesses located in horses?
• What is the most common injury of the stifle joint in dogs?
• Which sequence lists the major bones of the canine forelimb from proximal to distal?
• Which weight-bearing joint in a quadruped is frequently the focus of limb adjustments for athletic animals?
• When standing, the horse elbow is fixed at approximately how many degrees?
• Windpuffs/wind galls are characterized by
• Which sequence lists the major bones of the canine hindlimb from proximal to distal?
• What is the medical term for inflammation of the synovial membrane?
• The pastern joints' primary motion is flexion/extension, with a small amount of rotation. Which option matches this description?
• What is the primary function of the carpus and fetlock joints?
• What term best describes a deviation from normal biomechanical joint action?
• Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting flexion in the horse's limb?
• Sidebone is ossification of which structures?
• What should documentation and planning after the extremity examination include?
• Crosses the navicular bone and attaches to the underside of the coffin bone and has a check ligament?
• What is the primary movement of the stifle joint in the horse?
• Shape of the hind hoof?
• Are the fibula and tibia fused in the dog?
• Navicular disease is described as chronic, often bilateral progressive degenerative disease with unknown cause and signs including shortened forelimb stride, stumbling, pointing of foot, toe-first landing, and shifting leg lameness.
• What is the significance of the accessory carpal bone in chiropractic evaluation?
• What imaging findings would warrant referral rather than adjustment of a limb?
• Which structure suspends the coffin bone within the hoof like velcro?
• Which statement best describes the primary movement of the hind limb in the horse?
• Which species has a stay apparatus?
• Acute tearing and avulsion of the interosseous ligament with inflammation between the medial splint and cannon bone results in which condition?
• The radius and ulna of equine species function as which type of joint?
• Upward fixation of the patella is characterized by locking of which structure over which location, and what is the resulting gait?
• The function of the glenohumeral joint is best described as which type of motion?
• The stay apparatus transfers weight from the muscle to the ______ that do not fatigue.
• In the canine forelimb, which bone is vestigial?
• What is the inflammatory condition of the proximal sesamoid bones called?
• Name two common degenerative conditions affecting the canine stifle seen in practice.
• Which distal forelimb bone lies most distal to the carpal bones?
• Which hindlimb joints are commonly addressed in equine chiropractic?
• Name three gait analysis findings that suggest distal limb issues.
• Why is muscle palpation included in extremity examinations?
• The laminae form a layer on the outside of the coffin bone and inside of the hoof wall. This describes the connection between which structures?
• What is the term for osteoarthritis of the proximal, middle, or distal phalanx due to periostitis, with high involvement around the pastern and low around the coffin?
• Equines have a stay apparatus.
• The deep digital flexor tendon is associated with which structure that limits its motion?
• During ROM assessment, what should be noted?
• Which statement best describes focal joint subluxation on palpation?
• True or False: The clavicle is absent in dogs.
• Define 'palpatory pain threshold' in the limb exam.
• What is the role of home-care instructions after extremity adjustments?
• What is proprioception and why test it in extremity exams?
• Which self-limiting disease of long bones affects large breeds aged 5 to 18 months and causes shifting leg lameness?
• Which grade of club feet is defined as heavily dished anterior hoof wall angle 80 degrees or more?
• How do you differentiate a focal joint subluxation from a soft-tissue restriction on palpation?
• Which bone is the proximal phalanx in the equine forelimb also known as?
• Elbow dysplasia involves an ulna trochlear notch too small to encompass the humeral trochlea. Which three forms are recognized?
• Which of the following is NOT a contraindication to limb adjustment?
• Which term describes an event where a nail from a horseshoe penetrates the hoof, potentially causing an abscess?
• Why might you use protective pads during limb manipulations in large animals?
• Grade 2 club foot is defined as what degree range?
• If imaging is used to supplement radiographs, which modality may be employed?
• The knee of a horse is a ______ joint.
• In addition to the hock and stifle, which joint is commonly addressed in equine hindlimb adjustments?
• Which hoof abnormality occurs when a nail from a horseshoe enters sensitive structures of the hoof wall and can lead to abscess?
• Which cartilage-related condition has suspected links to genetic and nutritional factors?
• The hard, horny outer layer of the covering of the digit in ungulates is the hoof wall.
• Which of the following constitutes two signs of acute limb injury requiring rest and reevaluation?
• Radius and ulna form which joint in the horse?
• End feel is the resistance at the end of ROM. Which three end feels are typically described in limb joints?
• Elbow dysplasia has three forms: ununited Anconeal Process, Medial Coronoid Disease, and which other condition?
• Which description best defines a thrust adjustment?
• What is a red flag you might notice on visual inspection during a limb exam?
• What is the concept of neural conduction in limb adjustments?
• What percentage of all front limb lameness originates in the foot?
• Which condition is most common in toy and miniature breeds and is graded 0 to 4, with medial involvement more common?
• What are the main stabilizing ligaments of the elbow?
• How would you document a proprioceptive deficit?
• The structure of the glenohumeral joint is best described as which type?
• A line bisecting which part of the hoof would leave more hoof toward the heel than the toe?
• Severe abduction of the forelimb with non-weight bearing and dragged limbs when moved most likely indicates what?
• Osteochondrosis is often seen in which age group of horses?
• What is the role of soft tissue structures in joint stability during limb movement?
• How would a peripheral neuropathy influence extremity treatment planning?
• Which hoof abnormality involves inflammatory damage causing rotation and sinking of the coffin bone within the hoof?
• During stride length, the hind hoof typically reaches up into which feature of the front hoof?
• In torn ligaments, which statement best describes swelling?
• Grade 3 club foot is defined by which feature?
• Which statement about documenting proprioception findings is correct?
• What are indicators of distress to monitor during limb work?
• Which large animal extremity pathology is characterized by a shortened cranial swing phase with abrupt catching of the limb during forward swing, along with tearing the insertion of semitendinosus?
• Shape of the front hoof?
• Which condition is a faulty development of the hip with laxity that leads to a shallow acetabulum and osteoarthritis, often described with a bunny hop?
• Which bone is the cannon bone in the equine forelimb?
• How does limb asymmetry influence spinal biomechanics in mammals?
• Hock osteoarthritis is often positive to which test?
• Which is the intermediate phalanx also known as?
• Which tendon forms two branches to either side of the pastern and flexes the fetlock and pastern?
• Which condition is present at birth due to uterine malposition or teratogenic exposure and is a common cause of dystocia?
• Which nerve is commonly implicated in forelimb peripheral nerve problems causing severe abduction?
• Which hoof abnormality shows asymmetry between medial and lateral heel bulbs?
• Which hoof tissue is considered sensitive?
• How does muscle tension influence joint mobility in the extremities?
• Why is differentiation between lameness and locomotor ataxia important in some species?
• Which abnormality is described as broken forward pastern?
• Which option lists the two main bit categories?
• Which statement best describes the hind limb's movements beyond simple flexion and extension?
• What information should you document after an extremity adjustment?
• The longer the shank, the is it more aggressive or less?
• What is the purpose of joint stability tests during an extremity exam?
• Cavassans are sometimes used on horses to control the amount of what?
• Which component helps identify functional impairment during movement?
• The proximal phalanx is commonly known as which of the following?
• How does the stay apparatus contribute to energy conservation during standing?
• Compared with carpal and tarsal adjustments, how would you describe hip adjustments in practice?
• Which ligament's primary function is to limit flexion in the horse?
• Which hindlimb joints are commonly adjusted in veterinary extremity chiropractic?
• Which tendon is paired with the inferior check ligament to suspend the fetlock?
• Which of the following best describes navicular disease signs?
• Which condition describes cartilage failing to ossify into bone, often seen in young rapidly growing horses, with non-painful lesions and potential healing?
• Which abnormality is described as broken back hoof pastern angle?
• In medium to large dogs with acute or chronic lameness that crosses the shoulder joint cranio-medially, which inflammatory condition is most likely?
• End-feel assessment in ROM testing helps determine what?
• Why is patient selection important in extremity chiropractic?