Animal Chiropractic Module 4 – Extremities Practice Exam

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• What is the significance of the accessory carpal bone in chiropractic evaluation?
• Which self-limiting disease of long bones affects large breeds aged 5 to 18 months and causes shifting leg lameness?
• Which species has a stay apparatus?
• Describe a basic carpal distraction mobilization technique.
• Which description applies to grade 4 club feet?
• If imaging is used to supplement radiographs, which modality may be employed?
• How would you reassess progress after an extremity adjustment?
• Which term describes an event where a nail from a horseshoe penetrates the hoof, potentially causing an abscess?
• Which condition is present at birth due to uterine malposition or teratogenic exposure and is a common cause of dystocia?
• Which of the following constitutes two signs of acute limb injury requiring rest and reevaluation?
• In dogs, the cranial cruciate ligament corresponds to the human ACL, and the caudal cruciate corresponds to the human PCL.
• What is the primary function of the carpus and fetlock joints?
• Which muscle forms the sling that suspends the thorax between the forelimbs in a horse?
• Elbow dysplasia involves an ulna trochlear notch too small to encompass the humeral trochlea. Which three forms are recognized?
• Which muscles function as the collateral ligaments of the shoulder girdle in a horse?
• Are the fibula and tibia fused in the dog?
• Which abnormality is described as broken forward pastern?
• Why is patient selection important in extremity chiropractic?
• Which sequence lists the major bones of the canine forelimb from proximal to distal?
• Why is differentiation between lameness and locomotor ataxia important in some species?
• In the canine forelimb, which bone is vestigial?
• How would you manage a limb with mild crepitus but normal ROM?
• Which nerve is commonly implicated in forelimb peripheral nerve problems causing severe abduction?
• Which condition presents with exaggerated upward flexion of the hind leg at every walk stride and spasmodic over flexion of the hind limbs?
• How does limb asymmetry influence spinal biomechanics in mammals?
• Osteochondrosis dissecans most commonly involves which joints?
• Where are most hind limb lamenesses located in horses?
• Which grade of club feet is defined as heavily dished anterior hoof wall angle 80 degrees or more?
• Which condition is most common in toy and miniature breeds and is graded 0 to 4, with medial involvement more common?
• How do acute injuries differ from chronic degenerative changes in presentation?
• What is the clinical importance of limb symmetry?
• End-feel assessment in ROM testing helps determine what?
• Which nerve injury feature corresponds to a leg that bears no weight and knuckles onto the dorsal hoof wall?
• How would you document a proprioceptive deficit?
• True or False: Supination and pronation are possible in equine species?
• In lameness grading, which grade corresponds to nonweight bearing lameness at the walk or at rest?
• During limb adjustments on sedated animals, what safety monitoring is essential?
• The proximal phalanx is commonly known as which of the following?
• Traditionally, how many bit sizes are there?
• Grade 3 club foot is defined by which feature?
• The longer the shank, the is it more aggressive or less?
• Radius and ulna form which joint in the horse?
• Which hoof abnormality shows asymmetry between medial and lateral heel bulbs?
• Which statement about documenting proprioception findings is correct?
• Which hoof tissue is considered sensitive?
• What is the concept of neural conduction in limb adjustments?
• In the forelimb, which joints are typically targeted during chiropractic adjustments?
• What is the function of the accessory carpal bone of the equine species?
• Which statement best describes the overall function of the stay apparatus?
• Which structure holds the hoof to the underlying corium?
• Which condition is a faulty development of the hip with laxity that leads to a shallow acetabulum and osteoarthritis, often described with a bunny hop?
• The stay apparatus permits standing with a minimum of _____________.
• Which of the following is NOT a contraindication to limb adjustment?
• Which tendon forms two branches to either side of the pastern and flexes the fetlock and pastern?
• Name two common degenerative conditions affecting the canine stifle seen in practice.
• What are the main stabilizing ligaments of the elbow?
• Which structure runs from behind the carpal bones and around the fetlock joint, forming two branches to either side of the pastern, and flexes the fetlock and pastern while stabilizing the carpus?
• Severe abduction of the forelimb with non-weight bearing and dragged limbs when moved most likely indicates what?
• The hard, horny outer layer of the covering of the digit in ungulates is the hoof wall.
• The hock is comprised of how many joints?
• Which forelimb nerve injury commonly causes a dropped elbow?
• What is the inflammatory condition of the proximal sesamoid bones called?
• Which condition describes cartilage failing to ossify into bone, often seen in young rapidly growing horses, with non-painful lesions and potential healing?
• During a declaw procedure, which bone is removed?
• How does muscle tension influence joint mobility in the extremities?
• End feel is the resistance at the end of ROM. Which three end feels are typically described in limb joints?
• The junction between the skin and the horn of the hoof is called the coronary band (coronet).
• Osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD) is characterized by which feature?
• What is the difference between a joint mobilization and a thrust adjustment?
• True or False: In dogs, the clavicle attaches the forelimb to the trunk.
• Canines have a stay apparatus.
• Which sequence lists the major bones of the canine hindlimb from proximal to distal?
• What is the term for osteoarthritis of the proximal, middle, or distal phalanx due to periostitis, with high involvement around the pastern and low around the coffin?
• Which hind limb pathology is most closely associated with hind limb spasms and tail raising, distinct from stringhalt?
• The hoof should be trimmed and/or shoed every how many weeks?
• Ossification of collateral cartilages of the third phalanx is known as which condition?
• Which condition involves separation of the hoof wall from the laminar attachments at the white line, creating a cavity that harbors infection?
• Which bone forms the proximal articulation of the canine hindlimb with the spine?
• What are safe handling practices for restraining a patient during limb work?
• Which distal forelimb bone lies most distal to the carpal bones?
• Why is muscle palpation included in extremity examinations?
• What percentage of all front limb lameness originates in the foot?
• The hoof should be cleaned/picked out how often?
• What should documentation and planning after the extremity examination include?
• Which bone is the cannon bone in the equine forelimb?
• Sidebone is ossification of which structures?
• Popped splints classically present with which finding?
• The structure of the glenohumeral joint is best described as which type?
• Shape of the front hoof?
• Which condition is most commonly seen in toy and miniature breeds?
• How do you differentiate a focal joint subluxation from a soft-tissue restriction on palpation?
• Subluxation Basics describe a deviation from normal biomechanical joint action. What term is used for this concept?
• The typical mechanism for cruciate ligament rupture in dogs is a sudden rotation of the stifle with the joint in what degree of flexion?
• Which tendon is paired with the inferior check ligament to suspend the fetlock?
• Which common hoof abnormality is a bacterial/fungal infection usually caused by environmental conditions and presents with stinky black exudate around the frog?
• Identify the joints that comprise the canine elbow complex.
• What term describes the interacting muscles, tendons, and ligaments that stabilize the limb joints in the standing position?
• How would you describe limb kinematic coupling in veterinary extremity chiropractic?
• Which of the following are contraindications to limb adjustment?
• Name three gait analysis findings that suggest distal limb issues.
• What are indicators of distress to monitor during limb work?
• During stride length, the hind hoof typically reaches up into which feature of the front hoof?
• Which weight-bearing joint in a quadruped is frequently the focus of limb adjustments for athletic animals?
• How do you evaluate a limb's range of motion during a clinical exam?
• The deep digital flexor tendon is associated with which structure that limits its motion?
• Are supination and pronation possible in equine species?
• Which option lists the two main bit categories?
• Osteochondrosis dissecans most commonly involves which joints?
• What is a red flag you might notice on visual inspection during a limb exam?
• What term best describes a deviation from normal biomechanical joint action?
• What is a consideration when performing limb adjustments on a sedated animal?
• The function of the glenohumeral joint is best described as which type of motion?
• The knee of a horse is a ______ joint.
• Which statement best describes the primary movement of the hind limb in the horse?
• Which hoof abnormality occurs when a nail from a horseshoe enters sensitive structures of the hoof wall and can lead to abscess?
• Why might you use protective pads during limb manipulations in large animals?
• Which phrase describes a common description of bits mentioned as a pair?
• The stay apparatus is a passive ______ system.
• True or False: The clavicle is absent in dogs.
• Which ligament's primary function is to limit flexion in the horse?
• How would a peripheral neuropathy influence extremity treatment planning?
• What are the two main categories for bits?
• The statement 'longer shank equals more aggressive' is consistent with which option?
• What is the V-shaped pad of soft horn between the bars on the sole of the equine hoof called?
• Which description best defines a thrust adjustment?
• Cavassans are sometimes used on horses to control the amount of what?
• The stay apparatus transfers weight from the muscle to the ______ that do not fatigue.
• What should you monitor regarding respiration during limb adjustments in mammals?
• Define 'palpatory pain threshold' in the limb exam.
• Which cartilage-related condition has suspected links to genetic and nutritional factors?
• Which structure suspends the coffin bone within the hoof like velcro?
• Which component helps identify functional impairment during movement?
• Which statement best describes the hind limb's movements beyond simple flexion and extension?
• Nodding occurs on the down with which limb lameness?
• Which hindlimb joints are commonly adjusted in veterinary extremity chiropractic?
• Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting flexion in the horse's limb?
• Which bone is the proximal phalanx in the equine forelimb also known as?
• In torn cartilage, which description best fits swelling?
• Lameness grading ranges from which two values?
• Which abnormality is described as broken back hoof pastern angle?
• Which imaging modalities commonly aid extremity evaluation?
• In torn ligaments, which statement best describes swelling?
• Grade 2 club foot is defined as what degree range?
• During ROM assessment, what should be noted?
• Osteochondrosis is often seen in which age group of horses?
• Which is the intermediate phalanx also known as?
• An injury that can be caused as the nerve crosses the cranial border of the scapula and leads to atrophy of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus is which nerve?
• What is the primary movement of the stifle joint in the horse?
• Which statement best describes focal joint subluxation on palpation?
• In addition to the hock and stifle, which joint is commonly addressed in equine hindlimb adjustments?
• Where are most front limb lamenesses located in horses?
• Navicular disease is described as chronic, often bilateral progressive degenerative disease with unknown cause and signs including shortened forelimb stride, stumbling, pointing of foot, toe-first landing, and shifting leg lameness.
• What is the medical term for inflammation of the synovial membrane?
• Crosses the navicular bone and attaches to the underside of the coffin bone and has a check ligament?
• Which condition is described by myoclonic hind limb spasms and tail raising, characteristic of spasmodic hind limb activity?
• The radius and ulna of equine species function as which type of joint?
• When standing, the horse elbow is fixed at approximately how many degrees?
• Which hindlimb joints are commonly addressed in equine chiropractic?
• The coffin bone is another name for which anatomical structure?
• Which hoof abnormality involves inflammatory damage causing rotation and sinking of the coffin bone within the hoof?
• Elbow dysplasia has three forms: ununited Anconeal Process, Medial Coronoid Disease, and which other condition?
• Compared with carpal and tarsal adjustments, how would you describe hip adjustments in practice?
• Why should you limit force when adjusting distal joints like the fetlock or hock?
• Which large animal extremity pathology is characterized by a shortened cranial swing phase with abrupt catching of the limb during forward swing, along with tearing the insertion of semitendinosus?
• Which result would most likely indicate improved neuromuscular control after a limb adjustment?
• Which of the following best describes navicular disease signs?
• The coffin joint's primary motion is flexion/extension with a lot of rotation. Which statement fits this description?
• What is the role of soft tissue structures in joint stability during limb movement?
• A line bisecting which part of the hoof would leave more hoof toward the heel than the toe?
• Name the two primary carpal joints evaluated in the forelimb.
• Which condition describes an error in the way cartilage is converted to bone during growth, with cartilage cells that proliferate but do not mature?
• Which finding would prompt immediate re-evaluation or diagnostic imaging for fracture suspicion during limb assessment?
• Which tests assess limb joint laxity?
• What imaging findings would warrant referral rather than adjustment of a limb?
• What is the role of home-care instructions after extremity adjustments?
• Which tendon is primarily involved with suspending the fetlock when paired with the superior check ligament?
• What is a proprioceptive placing test?
• Outline the typical sequence of steps for a comprehensive extremity examination.
• Which joints are commonly adjusted in veterinary extremity chiropractic for the forelimb and hindlimb?
• The accessory carpal bone forms carpal tunnel. Which choice best expresses this?
• Laminae become inflamed, degenerate, and fail to suspend P3 within the hoof; P3 can rotate away and sink; most commonly observed in both front feet. Which condition is described?
• Windpuffs/wind galls are characterized by
• Which orthopedic condition is described as a nonpainful lesion that may heal through restoration of ossification?
• What information should you document after an extremity adjustment?
• How can limb adjustments influence athletic performance?
• Shape of the hind hoof?
• The stay apparatus is estimated to save up to ___% of energy.
• Acute tearing and avulsion of the interosseous ligament with inflammation between the medial splint and cannon bone results in which condition?
• What is the purpose of joint stability tests during an extremity exam?
• What is the name of the strap placed between the girth and nosepiece to steady the horse's head?
• Which condition is associated with outward rotation of the forefeet on standing?
• Hock osteoarthritis is often positive to which test?
• In dogs, the cranial cruciate ligament corresponds to the human ACL, and the caudal cruciate corresponds to the human PCL. Which option states this pairing?
• In Bit Basics, what term describes a rope halter used to break horses into wearing a bridle?
• Name two common postural compensations seen with hindlimb lameness.
• Which hoof abnormality is caused by flexor contraction?
• The laminae form a layer on the outside of the coffin bone and inside of the hoof wall. This describes the connection between which structures?
• Which bone forms the proximal attachment for the hindlimb with the pelvis?
• Upward fixation of the patella is characterized by locking of which structure over which location, and what is the resulting gait?
• In medium to large dogs with acute or chronic lameness that crosses the shoulder joint cranio-medially, which inflammatory condition is most likely?
• Are the fibula and tibia fused in the horse?
• Which of the following is listed as an external cause of laminitis?
• Equines have a stay apparatus.
• Grade 1 club foot is defined as what degree range?
• Which pathology is described by hind limb myoclonic spasms with overflexion and tail raising, and is associated with neuropathy or myopathy?
• The heel should be brought back to which area of the frog?
• In peripheral nerve injuries, which nerve is most frequently associated with brachial plexus injury?
• The pastern joints' primary motion is flexion/extension, with a small amount of rotation. Which option matches this description?
• Which information is NOT typically documented after an extremity adjustment?
• Which structure is essential for the carpal tunnel to exist in the equine carpus?
• Which hoof structure is non-sensitive?
• Which statement about cavassans is true?
• In young dogs, fissure formation between thickened cartilage and subchondral bone with the shoulder most often affected describes which condition?
• What is the most common injury of the stifle joint in dogs?
• Which description accurately reflects the stifle joint's extension in the horse?
• Cavassans are commonly used on which horses, and what is a potential airway effect?
• Which hoof abnormality is most commonly associated with environmental infections and presents with a foul odor around the frog?
• Tearing the insertion of semitendinosus with inflammatory processes or neuropathy is most closely described by which pathology?
• Which radiographic signs indicate bone remodeling due to chronic stress?
• The varnishlike coating that holds moisture in the hoof and protects the hoof wall is called the periople.
• How does the stay apparatus contribute to energy conservation during standing?